Dataset for the paper: 'Assessment of Algorithmic Abstraction Skills in Higher Education: An Application of the PGK Framework. It contains the collection of participants answers. This experimental research explored the level of algorithmic abstraction skills of students in higher education by using the assessment materials implemented in a survey platform. The data collected includes: demographic data, students' performance on algorithmic abstraction tasks (including open-text questions, and analysing tasks, etc.), and students' perceptions of needed levels of algorithmic abstraction skills. These data are collected in the form of numerical, categorical or open-text answers form, which went through qualitative analysis (thematic analysis) and quantitative analysis (statistical analysis).